Azure – stephanvdkruis.com

Securing Windows 365 Enterprise with Azure Firewall

Configuring Azure Firewall in combination with Windows 365

To increase security on your Windows 365 hosts you might want to put your Windows 365 clients behind a firewall. There are several options but one of the options that you have is to use the Azure Firewall. The Azure firewall is a powerful SaaS solution of Microsoft, but also an expensive one. Recently Microsoft announced the preview of a new Firewall sku, the Azure Firewall basic. The solution is more aimed to midsized companies. It lacks the advanced features of the Standard and premium Firewall but is does provide you with enough features to better secure your environment. Besides it also in a lower price range so it should be more attractive to midsized companies.

Azure Firewall Premium is recommended to secure highly sensitive applications (such as payment processing). It supports advanced threat protection capabilities like malware and TLS inspection.
Azure Firewall Standard is recommended for customers looking for Layer 3–Layer 7 firewall and needs auto-scaling to handle peak traffic periods of up to 30 Gbps. It supports enterprise features like threat intelligence, DNS proxy, custom DNS, and web categories.
Azure Firewall Basic is recommended for SMB customers with throughput needs of less than 250 Mbps.

In this blog I will show you the basics of setting up the new Azure Firewall Basic sku in combination with Windows 365 Enterprise. Unfortunately, Windows 365 Business is not suitable for Azure Firewall because you will need to redirect the traffic through the Azure Firewall. With Windows 365 business you do not have any control over the networking, since it’s managed by Microsoft. The article builds upon the blog series of Windows 365, so if you need information on how to set up Windows 365, I recommend reading through those articles first.

Azure Firewall

This feature is in preview, so you might need to register the new Azure Firewall Basic Provider. To do so:

Connect-AzAccount
Select-AzSubscription -Subscription “subscription_id or subscription_name”
Register-AzProviderFeature -FeatureName AzureFirewallBasic -ProviderNamespace Microsoft.Network
Check Registration: Get-AzProviderFeature -FeatureName AzureFirewallBasic -ProviderNamespace Microsoft.Network  
Wait until the provider is registered

From a networking perspective an Azure Basic Firewall needs 3 subnets within a vnet. It needs a management subnet, Azure firewall subnet and a subnet workload subnet. The management and the Azure firewall subnet need specific names otherwise you won’t be able to deploy the Firewall. So, in your vnet you need to create 3 subnets:

Subnet : AzureFirewallSubnet, in my case I am using a 10.3.4.0/24 subnet
Subnet: AzureFirewallManagementSubnet, in my case I am using a 10.3.2.0/26 subnet
Subnet: Workload subnet 10.3.5.0/24

Required subnets

In production environments it is considered better to create a hub spoke network topology where you Firewall is in a separate Vnet than your workload. You connect your Vnets via network peering. The functionality doesn’t change is you have 1 or multiple Vnets.

Now you have set up the subnets in your Vnet its time to deploy the Azure Firewall. Sign into the Azure Portal and search for Firewalls and select Create.

To set up Azure Firewall sign into the Azure Portal and search for Firewalls and select Create.

Subscription. Where the Azure firewall will be deployed. This needs to be the same subscription as where your vnet is created.
Resource Group. Select or create a resource group to deploy the Firewall
Name. Give you Firewall a name.
Region. Select the region for your Firewall. This also needs to be the same as the region of you vnet.
Availability zone. If the region supports availability zones you can select a zone or leave it to none
Firewall SKU. Select Basic, or a higher sku.
Firewall management. Is greyed out is you choose Basic
Firewall Policy. Create a new policy. This also needs to be deployed in the same region.
Virtual network. Choose a virtual network. Pick the network where you want to deploy the Firewall. If you did not create the necessary subnets, you will get an error.
Public IP address. Create a new Public IP address
Management public IP address. The basic sku also needs a public management IP. You won’t be able to connect to this IP, but it is necessary for Microsoft to manage your Firewall.

Choose review and create. The deployment will start and can take up to 30 min, so go grab yourself a cup of coffee.

While waiting for the deployment we can already create a route table. With a route table we can redirect network traffic within Azure. Otherwise the Windows 365 clients network traffic will leave Azure without passing through the Firewall.

In the Azure portal search for Route Table and create a new Route table

Subscription. Same subscription as the vnet to which you want to connect to route table
Resource Group. A resource group of your choosing.
Region. Select the same region of your vnet
Name. A clear name, such as route-to-fw
Propagate gateway routes. Depending on your config, but you can leave it on yes.

When your route table has been created go to the route table and select Routes and select Add

Add the following to the new route:

Route name. A clear descriptive name
Address prefix destination. Choose IP Addresses
Destination IP addresses/CIDR ranges. Enter 0.0.0.0/0 this way all traffic will be forwared.
Next hop. Choose Virtual Applicance
Next hop address. This is the IP of the Azure firewall. This is the first available IP in the AzureFirewallSubnet. In my case the range is 10.3.4.0/24 so the first available IP will be 10.2.4.4. You can also check this by going to the Firewall.

The next step is to associate the route table to a subnet, this way all devices in that subnet will use the route defined in the table. Be aware that associating the route table will result in disconnecting your Windows 365 user sessions. You need to configure the firewall as described in the next section. To associate the route table, select subnets and choose associate. You can there select the Vnet and the subnet of where your workload is deployed.

Configuring Azure Firewall

You now have a firewall and you route all the Windows 365 traffic through that firewall. This also means that the traffic that is required for users to connect to the Windows 365 machine is also blocked. So if a user tries to connect to its machine it will get the following message. So if you are deploying the firewall to a production environment wait with applying the route table otherwise your users won’t be able to connect to their machines.

You will need to make some firewall rules. Unfortunately, there is no official Microsoft documentation of which firewall rules you need to create in order for Windows 365 to work (At least I haven’t found it). There is however documentation available on firewall rules for Azure Virtual Desktop. The two basically share the same connection method so that should give us a good starting point. You can find the AVD documentation here https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/firewall/protect-azure-virtual-desktop?tabs=azure#create-network-rules . In the Azure Portal search for Firewall Policies. A policy was created when you deployed the Firewall so there should be at least one policy there. Open that policy and let’s start with Application rules. In the Application rules you have to have at least one rule collection. A rule collection is a logical set of rules that allow or deny traffic. Select Add a rule collection. Give the collection a name, for example Windows365Applicationrules. For type use Application and give the collection a priority. The priority determines the order of the collection to be deployed. If you don’t know how many rule collections you are going to have pick a number witch gives you flexibility in deploying higher of low collections. So don’t start with 100 since that is the highest priority. For Rule collection group you can leave the DefaultApplicationRuleCollectionGroup for now. Next you can define the rules.

Enter the following rules. The source is my subnet range where I deployed my Windows 365 machines.

Name	Source Type	Source	Protocol	Destination Type	Destination
Login Microsoft Online	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	Https:443	FQDN	login.microsoftonline.com
AVD	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	Https:443	FQDN	*.wvd.microsoft.com
W365 Monitor	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	Https:443	FQDN	*.prod.warm.ingest.monitor.core.windows.net
catalogartifact	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	Https:443	FQDN	catalogartifact.azureedge.net
W365 Monitoring	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	Https:443	FQDN	gcs.prod.monitoring.core.windows.net
W365 blob storage	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	Https:443	FQDN	mrsglobalsteus2prod.blob.core.windows.net
Microsoft	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	http:80, Https:443	FQDN	www.microsoft.com

Application rules

Next go to Network rules. Here also select Add a rule collection. Give the collection a name, select for rule collection type Network. Give a priority and for Rule collection action select Allow. For rule collection rule group select DefaultNetworkRuleCollectionGroup. Enter the following rules:

Name	Source type	Source	Protocol	Destination Ports	Destination Type	Destination
Azure Services	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	TCP	80	IP Address	169.254.169.254, 168.63.129.16
AVD Services	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	TCP	443	Service tags	Select WindowsVirtualDesktop, AzureFrontDoor.Frontend, AzureMonitor
DNS	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	TCP, UDP	53	IP Address	*
azkms.core.windows.net	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	TCP	1688	IP Address	20.118.99.224, 40.83.235.53
kms.core.windows.net	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	TCP	1688	IP Address	23.102.135.246
	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	TCP
	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	TCP

Network rules

After the policies are applied (and you have applied the route table) you should be able to sign in to your Windows 365 environment. However, browsing through the firewall logging ( you can enable this in the diagnostic settings of your firewall) I was still getting a lot of deny hits for Microsoft services. Even though I was able to connect to the Windows 365 machine, Windows 365 is depending on more services. For example it also communicates to Intune. So I have also added the following application rules:

Name	Source Type	Source	Protocol	Destination Type	Destination
servicebus.windows.net	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	Https:443	FQDN	*.servicebus.windows.net
self.events.data.microsoft.com	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	Https:443	FQDN	self.events.data.microsoft.com
.azure-devices.net	IP Address	10.2.2.0/24	Https:443	FQDN	*.azure-devices.net

Application rules

The Firewall logging seemed a lot better after adding the extra rules. You now have configured the bare minimum for allowing the Windows 365 services to you hosts. But that doesn’t mean you are ready. Users are still not able to browse the internet of access any of the other Microsoft 365 services. So, you will need to configure additional rules. We did create a rule to browse to www.microsoft.com, but if you want to go to www.google.com your connection will be blocked. The next step would be op further configure the firewall rules depending on the needs of your organization.

I hope this blog was helpful, if you have any questions or some parts needs additional clarification please let me know in the comments.

Windows 365 Enterprise – AAD Join

Setting up Windows 365 AAD Join step by step

Windows 365 Enterprise – AAD Join

As we have seen in Getting Sta rted with Windows 365 Business setting up Windows 365 Business is pretty straight forward. With Windows 365 Enterprise you will see you get a lot more options. This makes setting up Windows 365 Enterprise a bit more complicated, because you have more design decisions to make.

One of the decisions you will have to make is how to enroll your Windows 365 clients. You have 2 options. The first option is to hybrid join the devices (see https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/devices/howto-hybrid-azure-ad-join). This means that you join the device to the Azure AD and the Active Directory. This functionality is also possible with normal Windows 10/11 clients. Most often this solution is used in combination with Conditional Access policies, Group policy management or SSO with on premises application. Please note that SSO is also possible to on premises application without hybrid joining the devices. In my experience most applications will SSO without the need of hybrid joining the devices. Accessing file shares and for example shared printers will work fine if you Azure AD join the devices and only sync users between Active Directory and Azure AD with AAD connect without any fancy configurations. That said, it’s always worth testing because it limits the amount of configuration you have to do for SSO. Hybrid joining devices requires extra configuration within AAD connect and line of sight to a domain controller. Only AAD joining does not require any extra configuration besides a sync with AAD connect, which in most scenarios is already present. This means that AAD joining, and Windows 365 Enterprise only requires a network connection and your good to go. Pretty easy ????

So, to demonstrate this we will deploy a Windows 365 Enterprise Azure AD joined device, that will be able to access a file share.

A small overview of my setup in Azure. I have a simple vnet containing 2 VMs, 1 domain controller which is set up to sync identities with AAD connect and a file server. The new Windows 365 machines are being joined to the same network, but in the Windows 365 subnet. In a production environment you could see that the vnet is connect to on premises resources via a vpn or Express Route, or that there is a hub spoke design with multiple vnets.

Azure Network Connection

The first step would be to connect the Windows 365 services to your vnet. In order to do so go to endpoint.microsoft.com and choose devices and Windows 365. There you select Azure network Connection.

On the tab select create and choose Azure AD Join. Enter a name which tells you something about the connection, for example what the vnet is you are connecting to. Select the subscription that has the vnet and select the subnet you want your machines to join to. It’s important that your vnet is in the same region as where you want to deploy your cloud pcs as vnet are bound to a specific region.

Select next and create the connection. Make sure your account has the appropriate permissions on the subscription (Owner) and within Endpoint manager.
Microsoft will start running some checks and if all went well, you will get a checks success status.

Provisioning policies

The next step should be creating a Provisioning Policy. These policies determine how the Windows 365 pc should be created. From the Devices section select Provisioning policies and select create policy. Enter a name and description. For Join type make sure to select Azure AD Join. For network it’s important to not choose Microsoft hosted network, this way you won’t be able to integrate with your vnet and the setup is more like the Windows 365 business deployment. So, choose for Azure network connection and select the network connection you just created in the previous step.

At the image tab pick a gallery image, or a custom image if you have one. Check out this article if you’re interested in how to create a custom image. At the configuration tab select the language and region. This will automatically install the required language packs on the machine. For additional services you may choose Windows Autopatch. Windows Autopatch manages updates for you. It’s not really a Window 365 services but you can read more about it in this blog Blog | Get current and stay current with Windows Autopatch | Tech Community (microsoft.com)

Finally assign the policy to a group which contains your users. When you have finished creating the provisioning policy you are basically set. When a user has a valid license (a Windows 365 enterprise and a lisence containing Intune) and is a member of the group which is assign the provisioning policy the cloud pc will be created.

Now I assign the following licenses to my test user in order to start the provisioning of the device. My test user Pluto has 2 licences; a Microsoft 365 E3 and the Windows 365 Enterprise 2 vCPU, 8 GB, 256 GB license.

By assigning the license the provisioning starts. Let this process complete.

Connect to fileserver

Now that the provisioning is ready let’s sign in. As mentioned in the beginning of this article SSO to most of your on-premises resources will work without any extra configuration. So, in my case I have a file server (cluster) which I can connect to via \\filecl02.wvd.local\Bestanden even though I sign into the Windows 365 cloud pc with my Azure AD credentials, pretty cool.

As you can see my cloud pc is only Azure AD joined and not domain joined, but still able to access on-premises resources based on my Active directory permissions.

That sums up this part of the series, please continue reading at the next article, where we Hybrid Join the Windows 365 Enterprise cloud pc.

Auto shutdown AVD Personal Host Pools

Auto shutdown AVD personal desktop host pools

Update (22/12/2021): Since Managed Identities for Automation accounts is now GA. I have updated the script to make use of this. This way the Automation account requires less permissions to run.

If you’re using Azure Virtual Desktop in a pooled scenario you are properly using the scaling script that Microsoft has provided . This script works great, but what about personal host pools. The scaling script doesn’t have support for this type of host pool. This is a shame because you can also save considerably amount of money if your personal session hosts would only be running if they are being used. Especially now that Start Virtual Machine on Connect is now generally available. This means that users can power on the machines when they start working. However the machines are only turned on, and not deallocated. Which is only half of the solution…

In order to deallocate machines that are not being used I’ve create a PowerShell script that can be run in an Automation Account. The script does the following:

Checks if the host pool is set to personal, pooled is not supported
Checks if start on Connect is enabled. Link to how to configure this https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-desktop/start-virtual-machine-connect
Collects all the Session Hosts in the host pool
If the Session Host is running it checks if there is an active session, if there are no active sessions the Session Host will be Deallocated.
You can exclude machines from the script by using a tag

The script is available in my GitHub Repo. You can import the script into an automation account and set it up yourself. Or if you would like to use the script you can use the following script that will set everything up for you. This script is a slightly adjusted version of Microsoft’s script which is used for the scaling script itself.

The DeployAutomationAccount.ps1 script will:

Checks if you have the appropriate permissions
Checks if you have the correct modules installed on your computer
Deploys a new resource group for the automation account (if needed)
Deploys a new Automation Account (if needed) and imports the necessary modules and runbook
Creates an Automation Schedule which runs every 1 hour
Connects the Runbook to the Schedule so it will start
~~Validates if an Run As Account is present~~
Creates a managed identity with the required permissions

To deploy the automation account with the AVD-PersonalAUtoShutdown.ps1 script you first download the script:

New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "C:\Temp" -Force
Set-Location -Path "C:\Temp"
$Uri = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stephanvandekruis/AVD/main/PersonalScaling/DeployAutomationAccount.ps1"
# Download the script
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $Uri -OutFile ".\DeployAutomationAccount.ps1"

Also download the Custom Role Definition for the role assignments

$Uri = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stephanvandekruis/AVD/main/PersonalScaling/Automation-RoleDefinition.json"
# Download the script
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $Uri -OutFile ".\Automation-RoleDefinition.json"

Login-AzAccount

Run the following cmdlet to execute the script and create the Automation Account. You can fill in the values or comment them out to use their default values.

$Params = @{
    "AADTenantId"               = "<Azure_Active_Directory_tenant_ID>"
    "SubscriptionId"            = "<Azure_subscription_ID>" 
    "AutomationRG"              = "<ResourceGroup of the Automation Account>" # Optional. Default: rgAVDAutoShutdown
    "AutomationAccountName"     = "<Automation Account Name>" # Optional. Default: AVDAutoScaleAccount
    "AutomationScheduleName"    = "<Automation Schedule Name>" # Optional. Default: AVDShutdownSchedule
    "AVDrg"                     = "<AVD resource group which holds the Host Pool Object>"
    "SessionHostrg"             = "<Resource group which contains the VMs of the session hosts>"
    "HostPoolName"              = "<Host pool Name>"
    "SkipTag"                   = "<Name of the tag to skip the vm from processing>" # Optional. Default: SkipAutoShutdown
    "TimeDifference"            = "<Time difference from UTC (e.g. +2:00) >" # Optional. Default: +2:00
    "Location"                  = "<Location of deployment (e.g West Europe)>" # Optional. Default: West Europe
}

.\DeployAutomationAccount.ps1 @Params

The deployment will kick off and the automation account with the AVD-PeronalAutoShutdown.ps1 script will be created.

~~The one thing that I will not do for you is the creation of an Run As Account. To create the Run as Account:~~

~~In the Azure portal, select All services. In the list of resources, enter and select Automation accounts.~~
~~On the Automation accounts page, select the name of your Azure Automation account. The default value is AVDAutoShutdownAutomationAccount~~
~~In the pane on the left side of the window, select Run As accounts under the Account Settings section.~~
~~Select Azure Run As account. When the Add Azure Run As account pane appears, review the overview information, and then select Create to start the account creation process.~~
~~Wait for the deployment to complete~~

During the deployment of the Automation account a schedule as also created. This schedule will trigger the runbook every hour and will do so for the next 5 years. You can adjust the schedule to your requirements.

To view the out put of the AVD-PersonalShutdown script you:

Go to the Automation account that hosts the script (default is AVDAutoShutdownAutomationAccount)
Under Process Automation you find Jobs
Select the top job, which is the latest.
Select the tab Output. Here you will find all the output information that the script generated.

To exclude a machine from begin processed you can simply add a tag to the VM and the script will skip that practically machine, the default value for this is SkipAutoShutdown

Wrapping up

You can find the scripts and additional information in my GitHub Repo.

If you are using the script and liking it, I would love to read about it in the comments! Or if you have any suggestions on how to improve the script, I would love the read your suggestions as well!

Windows Virtual Desktop Management Tools

Windows Virtual Desktop is probably one of the most anticipated new products of Microsoft. If you haven’t heard from it, I would suggest that you start catching up ;). With the announcement of Scott Manchester GA (General Availability) just became a little bit closer.

We are feature complete with #WVD and will be moving to the final phase for GA. Spin up your VMs and start testing your scenarios. Got issues? Engage our community: https://t.co/2amQHtQqwI #WVD #Azure #Microsoft
— Scott Manchester (@RDS4U) August 13, 2019

There are plenty of blogs about how to set up a WVD tenant and sessions hosts, so I don’ want to go into detail on how to set it up. But if you have set up a WVD tenant you must have noted the lack of management tools. Or actually the absents of management tools, you can’t even find WVD in the Azure portal. Everything is managed with PowerShell, which can be a bit challenging. Microsoft did provide some management options for you but you will have to deploy them manually. They also require you to have an App service plan, which of course will cost you money, but you won’t have to use PowerShell for you management. Nevertheless I hope Microsoft will include these managements functionalities in the Azure Portal, but for now this is your best option.

WVD Management UX

The first management tool I would like to share is the WVD Management UX. The Managment UX helps you to preform basic management tasks. In here you can:

Create a New Host Pool
Add New Hosts to a Host Pool
Allow or block new connections to a host.(If you would like to drain the server for maintenance)
Create App groups. You can create App groups for Desktops or you can create App groups for RemoteApp
Assign permissions to App groups

Even though this may seem somewhat limited there are some extra functions you can use. However, these basic management tasks will help you a lot in doing day to day management for WVD.

If you want to use the WVD Management UX you can deploy it via the Github repository from Microsoft. The deployment will create an App service plan S1-Standard which will cost you around 70 euro/dollar each month.

WVD Diagnostics Tool

The second tool Microsoft has provided is the Diagnostics tool and it has just been released. With the introduction of WVD Microsoft also introduced some new RDS roles. We all know the Connections broker, Gateway, Session Hosts and we all know it was very hard to troubleshoot failing connections. Therefore Microsoft introduced the new Diagnotics role, which is also fully managed by Microsoft.

Starting with the preview it was only possible to view the diagnostics using PowerShell, luckily Microsoft has made an App so you can troubleshoot using your browser. With the new Diagnostics app you can do the following:

Look up diagnostic activities (management, connection, or feed) for a single user over a period of one week.
Gather session host information for connection activities from your Log Analytics workspace.
Review virtual machine (VM) performance details for a particular host.
See which users are signed in to the session host.
Send message to active users on a specific session host.
Sign users out of a session host.

Unfortunately these functions aren’t available in the Management UX, you’ll have to deploy another application with an new app service plan. Which will cost you 70 euro/dollar extra each month, plus the additional storage for the log files. The deployment is pretty straightforward, Microsoft will guide you through the steps.